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They generally occur in endocrine organs (e.g. thyroid, parathyroid, and adrenals), but may also occur in endocrine tissues of organs not classically thought of as endocrine. [2] MEN2 is a sub-type of MEN (multiple endocrine neoplasia) and itself has sub-types, as discussed below. Variants in MEN2A have been associated with Hirschsprung disease.
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2B (MEN 2B) is a genetic disease that causes multiple tumors on the mouth, eyes, and endocrine glands.It is the most severe type of multiple endocrine neoplasia, [2] differentiated by the presence of benign oral and submucosal tumors in addition to endocrine malignancies.
Micrograph of a medullary thyroid carcinoma, as may be seen in MEN 2A and MEN 2B. H&E stain. MEN 2B is sometimes known as MEN 3 and the designation varies by institution (c.f. www.ClinicalReview.com). Although a variety of additional eponyms have been proposed for MEN2B (e.g. Williams-Pollock syndrome, Gorlin-Vickers syndrome, and Wagenmann ...
Successful treatment of the demyelination process that affects the brain with either stem cell transplant or gene therapy does not immediately normalize the VLCFA levels in body tissues. [7] The levels of VLCFA can be normalized by treatment with Lorenzo's oil, but this does not alter the progression of the disease. [2]
Bevacizumab, sold under the brand name Avastin among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat a number of types of cancers and a specific eye disease. [30] [28] For cancer, it is given by slow injection into a vein (intravenous) and used for colon cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer, glioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and renal-cell carcinoma. [31]
Treatment may involve a team of specialists. This would include neurologists, endocrinologists, and pediatricians. [citation needed] Early intervention is important when treating someone with these disorders. Special education, physical therapy, and other medical services to aid the child through treatment. There are medical trials taking place ...
Principal causes include: Autoimmune: e.g. Addison's disease (also called autoimmune adrenalitis), which has been identified to be the cause of 80–90% of primary adrenal insufficiency cases since 1950. [2] Congenital: e.g. congenital adrenal hyperplasia, adrenoleukodystrophy [2] Infection: e.g. tuberculosis, CMV, histoplasmosis [2]
The primary treatment method for fatty-acid metabolism disorders is dietary modification. It is essential that the blood-glucose levels remain at adequate levels to prevent the body from moving fat to the liver for energy. This involves snacking on low-fat, high-carbohydrate nutrients every 2–6 hours.