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Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep-related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS), and cataplexy. [1]
Insufficient quality or quantity of night time sleep [5] Obstructive sleep apnea [6] Misalignments of the body's circadian pacemaker with the environment (e.g., jet lag, shift work, or other circadian rhythm sleep disorders) [7] Another underlying sleep disorder, such as narcolepsy, sleep apnea, [8] idiopathic hypersomnia, or restless legs syndrome
Imagined sounds such as humming, hissing, static, zapping and buzzing noises are reported during sleep paralysis. [5] Other sounds such as voices, whispers and roars are also experienced. It has also been known that one may feel pressure on their chest and intense pain in their head during an episode. [6] These symptoms are usually accompanied ...
“Most of the time, when sleep noise helps, it’s because it’s masking extra sounds—such as a slamming door, car horn, or siren—that might wake up a sleeping adult or child,” says Mary ...
Catathrenia or nocturnal groaning is a sleep-related breathing disorder, consisting of end-inspiratory apnea (breath holding) and expiratory groaning during sleep. It describes a rare condition characterized by monotonous, irregular groans while sleeping. [1] Catathrenia begins with a deep inspiration.
“When we call it ‘restless legs syndrome,’ it sounds like it isn’t that serious,” Malkani says. “But it actually is a serious thing. For some people, it can be so severe that they can ...
Sleep-related abnormal sexual behaviours (also called sexsomnia or sleep sex) are mainly classified as confusional arousals and more rarely associated to sleepwalking (also known as somnambulism). [12] Even if sleep-related violence may occur during an episode of confusional arousal, it remains extremely rare and there is no specific ...
People with EDS nap repeatedly throughout the day and have strong urges to sleep while driving, working, eating, or conversing with others. [13] Sleep inertia (also known as sleep drunkenness), characterized by having extreme difficulty waking up and feeling an uncontrollable desire to go back to sleep. [13]