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  2. Alkali soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_soil

    Alkali, or alkaline, soils are clay soils with high pH (greater than 8.5), a poor soil structure and a low infiltration capacity. Often they have a hard calcareous layer at 0.5 to 1 metre depth. Alkali soils owe their unfavorable physico-chemical properties mainly to the dominating presence of sodium carbonate , which causes the soil to swell ...

  3. Soil acidification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_acidification

    Basic cations like calcium are leached from the soil as acidic rainfall flows, which allows aluminum and proton levels to increase. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Nitric and sulfuric acids in acid rain and snow can have different effects on the acidification of forest soils, particularly seasonally in regions where a snow pack may accumulate during the winter. [ 5 ]

  4. Cation-exchange capacity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cation-exchange_capacity

    Cation-exchange capacity (CEC) is a measure of how many cations can be retained on soil particle surfaces. [1] Negative charges on the surfaces of soil particles bind positively-charged atoms or molecules (cations), but allow these to exchange with other positively charged particles in the surrounding soil water. [2]

  5. Carbonic acid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonic_acid

    However, in the absence of water, it is quite stable at room temperature. [5] [6] The interconversion of carbon dioxide and carbonic acid is related to the breathing cycle of animals and the acidification of natural waters. [4] In biochemistry and physiology, the name "carbonic acid" is sometimes applied to aqueous solutions of carbon dioxide.

  6. Soil pH - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_pH

    Blue = alkaline soil. Black = no data. Soil pH is a measure of the acidity or basicity (alkalinity) of a soil. Soil pH is a key characteristic that can be used to make informative analysis both qualitative and quantitatively regarding soil characteristics. [1] pH is defined as the negative logarithm (base 10) of the activity of hydronium ions (H +

  7. Solubility chart - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_chart

    The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.

  8. Alkali metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

    The formation of an alkali metal nitride would consume the ionisation energy of the alkali metal (forming M + ions), the energy required to break the triple bond in N 2 and the formation of N 3− ions, and all the energy released from the formation of an alkali metal nitride is from the lattice energy of the alkali metal nitride.

  9. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

    Soil temperature depends on the ratio of the energy absorbed to that lost. [68] Soil has a mean annual temperature from -10 to 26 °C according to biomes. [69] Soil temperature regulates seed germination, [70] breaking of seed dormancy, [71] [72] plant and root growth [73] and the availability of nutrients. [74]