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A high-ranking male mandrill advertises his status with bright facial coloration. [1]In the zoological field of ethology, a dominance hierarchy (formerly and colloquially called a pecking order) is a type of social hierarchy that arises when members of animal social groups interact, creating a ranking system.
Hematology (spelled haematology in British English) is the branch of medicine concerned with the study of the cause, prognosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases related to blood. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It involves treating diseases that affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells , hemoglobin , blood proteins , bone marrow ...
[1] Hemoglobin variants occur when there are mutations in specific genes that code for the protein chains, known as globins, which make up the hemoglobin molecule. This leads to amino acid substitutions in the hemoglobin molecule that could affect the structure, properties, and/or the stability of the hemoglobin molecule.
Therefore 1:1 is the equilibrium ratio. In modern language, the 1:1 ratio is the evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS). [10] This ratio has been observed in many species, including the bee Macrotera portalis. A study performed by Danforth observed no significant difference in the number of males and females from the 1:1 sex ratio. [11]
In some centers "hematology/oncology" is a single subspecialty of internal medicine while in others they are considered separate divisions (there are also surgical and radiation oncologists). Not all hematological disorders are malignant ("cancerous"); these other blood conditions may also be managed by a hematologist.
Hematology is the study of blood, the blood-forming organs, and blood diseases. Subcategories. This category has the following 11 subcategories, out of 11 total. ...
While prognosis is highly variable and dependent on various factors including these mutations, the average 5-year relative survival is 86.1%. [85] Telomere length has been suggested to be a valuable prognostic indicator of survival. [86] In addition, a person's sex has been found to have an impact on CLL prognosis and treatment efficacy.
[1] [9] [10] The clonal population may vary in size depending on the person, where it can be less than 2% of the blood or, at the other end, can sometimes grow close to 100%. [4] [9] The incidence of clonal hematopoiesis has been found to rise dramatically with age. Recent studies have demonstrated that less than 1% of the population under age ...