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A 2-dimensional spring system. In engineering and physics, a spring system or spring network is a model of physics described as a graph with a position at each vertex and a spring of given stiffness and length along each edge. This generalizes Hooke's law to higher dimensions.
For examinations up to and including the 2018 papers, the specification for STEP 1 and STEP 2 was based on Mathematics A Level content while the syllabus for STEP 3 was based on Further Mathematics A Level. The questions on STEP 2 and 3 were about the same difficulty. Both STEP 2 and STEP 3 are harder than STEP 1. [6]
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; O. List of optics equations; Q. List of equations in quantum mechanics; R. List of relativistic equations; W.
1.1 Mathematics. 1.2 Physics. ... This is a list of equations, ... List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; See also
For a stretched spring fixed at one end obeying Hooke's law, the elastic potential energy is Δ E p = 1 2 k ( r 2 − r 1 ) 2 {\displaystyle \Delta E_{p}={\frac {1}{2}}k(r_{2}-r_{1})^{2}} where r 2 and r 1 are collinear coordinates of the free end of the spring, in the direction of the extension/compression, and k is the spring constant.
The 'S' level Higher Mathematics papers, for example, were not marked unless at least 75 (Distinction) was secured in the 'A' level pure mathematics and/or applied mathematics papers. The marks were normalised, but usually completion of 2 or 3 questions of 10 on the paper offered was sufficient to secure a distinction.
In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics; List of equations in quantum mechanics; ... Physics for Scientists and Engineers: With Modern Physics (6th ed.).