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She is known for her clinical research on optimism and pessimism in relation to health, stress, and general well-being. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Segerstrom was the 2002 first prize recipient of the Templeton Positive Psychology Prize [ 4 ] for her work "aimed at understanding the processes behind optimistic dispositions and beliefs and, in particular ...
Pessimism, on the other hand, is much more common; pessimists are more likely to give up in the face of adversity or to suffer from depression. Seligman invites pessimists to learn to be optimists by thinking about their reactions to adversity in a new way. The resulting optimism—one that grew from pessimism—is a learned optimism.
Dispositional optimism and pessimism are typically assessed by asking people whether they expect future outcomes to be beneficial or negative (see below). [9] The LOT returns separate optimism and pessimism scores for each individual. Behaviourally, [clarification needed] these two scores correlate around r=0.5.
Defined by Luthans and Carolyn M. Youssef, PsyCap is "an individual's positive psychological state of development and is characterized by: (1) having confidence (self-efficacy) to take on and put in the necessary effort to succeed at challenging tasks; (2) making a positive attribution (optimism) about succeeding now and in the future; (3 ...
Misanthropy is closely related to but not identical with philosophical pessimism; while pessimism emphasizes the inherent suffering of life, misanthropy critiques humanity's moral failings. A philosophical pessimist may argue that the suffering of existence is universal and unavoidable, while a misanthrope may focus on how human actions ...
Optimism may occur from either a distortion of personal estimates, representing personal optimism, or a distortion for others, representing personal pessimism. [4] Pessimism bias is an effect in which people exaggerate the likelihood that negative things will happen to them. It contrasts with optimism bias.
the dialectic of optimism and pessimism Optimism is associated with longevity, but strategic pessimism can lead to more effective planning and decision making. the dialectic of self-esteem and humility Self-esteem is related to well-being, but pursuit of self-esteem can increase depression.
The Pollyanna principle (also called Pollyannaism or positivity bias) is the tendency for people to remember pleasant items more accurately than unpleasant ones. [1] Research indicates that at the subconscious level, the mind tends to focus on the optimistic; while at the conscious level, it tends to focus on the negative.