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The theorem was conjectured by Andrew Vázsonyi and proved by Joseph Kruskal (); a short proof was given by Crispin Nash-Williams ().It has since become a prominent example in reverse mathematics as a statement that cannot be proved in ATR 0 (a second-order arithmetic theory with a form of arithmetical transfinite recursion).
The theorem is named after Joseph Kruskal and Gyula O. H. Katona, who published it in 1963 and 1968 respectively. According to Le & Römer (2019), it was discovered independently by Kruskal (1963), Katona (1968), Marcel-Paul Schützenberger , Harper (1966), and Clements & Lindström (1969).
Kruskal's algorithm [1] finds a minimum spanning forest of an undirected edge-weighted graph. If the graph is connected , it finds a minimum spanning tree . It is a greedy algorithm that in each step adds to the forest the lowest-weight edge that will not form a cycle . [ 2 ]
Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects Wikidata item; Appearance. move to sidebar hide. Help ... Kruskal–Katona theorem; L. Labelled enumeration theorem;
In combinatorics, he is known for Kruskal's tree theorem (1960), which is also interesting from a mathematical logic perspective since it can only be proved nonconstructively. Kruskal also applied his work in linguistics , in an experimental lexicostatistical study of Indo-European languages , together with the linguists Isidore Dyen and Paul ...
Krull–Schmidt theorem (group theory) Kruskal's tree theorem (order theory) Kruskal–Katona theorem (combinatorics) Krylov–Bogolyubov theorem (dynamical systems) Kuhn's theorem (game theory) Kuiper's theorem (operator theory, topology) Künneth theorem (algebraic topology) Kurosh subgroup theorem (group theory) Kutta–Joukowski theorem
Chapter nine discusses ways to weaken Ramsey's theorem, [2] and the final chapter discusses stronger theorems in combinatorics including the Dushnik–Miller theorem on self-embedding of infinite linear orderings, Kruskal's tree theorem, Laver's theorem on order embedding of countable linear orders, and Hindman's theorem on IP sets. [3]
Kruskal's tree theorem, which has applications in computer science, is also undecidable from the Peano axioms but provable in set theory. In fact Kruskal's tree theorem (or its finite form) is undecidable in a much stronger system codifying the principles acceptable on basis of a philosophy of mathematics called predicativism.