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  2. Characterization (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characterization_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a characterization of an object is a set of conditions that, while possibly different from the definition of the object, is logically equivalent to it. [1] To say that "Property P characterizes object X" is to say that not only does X have property P, but that X is the only thing that has property P (i.e., P is a defining ...

  3. Expression (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expression_(mathematics)

    A formal expression is a kind of string of symbols, created by the same production rules as standard expressions, however, they are used without regard to the meaning of the expression. In this way, two formal expressions are considered equal only if they are syntactically equal, that is, if they are the exact same expression.

  4. Mathematical object - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_object

    Mathematical constructivism asserts that it is necessary to find (or "construct") a specific example of a mathematical object in order to prove that an example exists. Contrastingly, in classical mathematics, one can prove the existence of a mathematical object without "finding" that object explicitly, by assuming its non-existence and then ...

  5. Property (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a property is any characteristic that applies to a given set. [1] Rigorously, a property p defined for all elements of a set X is usually defined as a function p: X → {true, false}, that is true whenever the property holds; or, equivalently, as the subset of X for which p holds; i.e. the set {x | p(x) = true}; p is its indicator function.

  6. Glossary of mathematical jargon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    For example, a property which holds on a dense G δ (intersection of countably many open sets) is said to hold generically. In algebraic geometry , one says that a property of points on an algebraic variety that holds on a dense Zariski open set is true generically; however, it is usually not said that a property which holds merely on a dense ...

  7. Algebraic geometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_geometry

    Algebraic geometry is a branch of mathematics which uses abstract algebraic techniques, mainly from commutative algebra, to solve geometrical problems.Classically, it studies zeros of multivariate polynomials; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects.

  8. Equivalence relation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equivalence_relation

    An implication of model theory is that the properties defining a relation can be proved independent of each other (and hence necessary parts of the definition) if and only if, for each property, examples can be found of relations not satisfying the given property while satisfying all the other properties. Hence the three defining properties of ...

  9. Geometric algebra - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric_algebra

    The exterior product has the same properties, except that the last property above is replaced by ⁠ = ⁠ for ⁠ ⁠. Note that in the last property above, the real number ⁠ (,) ⁠ need not be nonnegative if ⁠ ⁠ is not positive-definite. An important property of the geometric product is the existence of elements that have a ...

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