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Epidemics of the 19th century were faced without the medical advances that made 20th-century epidemics much rarer and less lethal. Micro-organisms (viruses and bacteria) had been discovered in the 18th century, but it was not until the late 19th century that the experiments of Lazzaro Spallanzani and Louis Pasteur disproved spontaneous generation conclusively, allowing germ theory and Robert ...
State intervention in medical care: consequences for Britain, France, Sweden, and the United States, 1890-1970 (Cornell UP, 2019). Howard, William Travis. Public health administration and the natural history of disease in Baltimore, Maryland, 1797-1920 (1924) online, Comprehensive scholarly history. Kalisch, Philip Arthur, and Beatrice J. Kalisch.
A 12th-century manuscript of the Hippocratic Oath in Greek, one of the most famous aspects of classical medicine that carried into later eras. The history of medicine is both a study of medicine throughout history as well as a multidisciplinary field of study that seeks to explore and understand medical practices, both past and present, throughout human societies.
Joseph Lister. Portrait of Joseph Lister. Surgical techniques advanced in the 19th century, but the chances of a patient dying from post-operative infection was 50%. [41] Prior to the discovery of the germ theory of disease, surgeons did not clean their surgical instruments or the operating table between patients.
The use of illustrations to communicate medical information has a long history, dating back at least to ancient Egypt and flourishing in the Renaissance. The work of 16th century anatomists ...
In the American Civil War (1861–65), as was typical of the 19th century, far more soldiers died of disease than in battle, and even larger numbers were temporarily incapacitated by wounds, disease and accidents. [25] Conditions were worse in the Confederacy, where doctors and medical supplies were in short supply. [26]
The Cambridge Illustrated History of Medicine (2001) excerpt and text search excerpt and text search; Singer, Charles, and E. Ashworth Underwood. A Short History of Medicine (2nd ed. 1962) Watts, Sheldon. Disease and Medicine in World History (2003), 166pp online Archived 26 September 2017 at the Wayback Machine
An Egyptian medical textbook, the Edwin Smith Papyrus written by Imhotep (fl. 2630-2611 BC), was the first to apply the method of diagnosis to the treatment of disease. [1] Physicians in Ancient Egypt were only able to come up with diagnostics based on symptoms, no tests were being run. [ 2 ]