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Cryptococcus gattii, formerly known as Cryptococcus neoformans var. gattii, is an encapsulated yeast found primarily in tropical and subtropical climates. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella bacillispora, a filamentous fungus belonging to the class Tremellomycetes.
Most infections with C. neoformans occur in the lungs, as the fungus enters its host through the respiratory route. [14] Because it is normally a harmless soil fungus, C. neoformans must first adapt to its new environment inside the human body, making several virulent transformations, including the formation of a polysaccharide capsule.
Cryptococcosis is a potentially fatal fungal infection of mainly the lungs, presenting as a pneumonia, and in the brain, where it appears as a meningitis. [4] [9] [12] Coughing, difficulty breathing, chest pain and fever are seen when the lungs are infected. [5]
It may also infect organ-transplant recipients and people receiving certain cancer treatments. [9] In its yeast state C. neoformans is found in the droppings of wild birds, often pigeons; when dust of the droppings is stirred up, it can infect humans or pets
Cryptococcus neoformans is a fungus that causes cryptococcosis, which can lead to pulmonary infection as well as nervous system infections, like meningitis. [25] [26] Histoplasma capsulatum is a species of fungus known to cause histoplasmosis, which can present with an array of symptoms, but often involves respiratory infection. [27] [28]
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Fungemia is the presence of fungi or yeast in the blood. The most common type, also known as candidemia , candedemia , or systemic candidiasis , is caused by Candida species. Candidemia is also among the most common bloodstream infections of any kind. [ 1 ]
Yet, there is an increasing incidence of infections caused by C. glabrata and C. rugosa, which could be because they are frequently less susceptible to the currently used azole-group of antifungals. [25] Other medically important species include C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis. [8] and the more recently emerging pathogen C ...