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The J1–J2 model is a quantum spin model like the Heisenberg model but also includes a term for the interaction between next-nearest neighbor spins.
It is common to name the model depending on the values of , and : if , the model is called the Heisenberg XYZ model; in the case of = = =, it is the Heisenberg XXZ model; if = = =, it is the Heisenberg XXX model. The spin 1/2 Heisenberg model in one dimension may be solved exactly using the Bethe ansatz. [1]
For example, Heisenberg emphasized a sharp "cut" between the observer (or the instrument) and the system being observed, [40]: 133 while Bohr offered an interpretation that is independent of a subjective observer or measurement or collapse, which relies on an "irreversible" or effectively irreversible process, which could take place within the ...
This equation is called the continuous classical Heisenberg ferromagnet equation or, more shortly, the Heisenberg model and is integrable in the sense of soliton theory. It admits several integrable and nonintegrable generalizations like the Landau-Lifshitz equation , the Ishimori equation , and so on.
A spin model is a mathematical model used in physics primarily to explain magnetism. Spin models may either be classical or quantum mechanical in nature. Spin models have been studied in quantum field theory as examples of integrable models. Spin models are also used in quantum information theory and computability theory in theoretical computer ...
Heisenberg model can refer to two models in statistical mechanics: Heisenberg model (classical) , a classical nearest neighbour spin model Heisenberg model (quantum) , a model where the spins are treated quantum mechanically using Pauli matrices
The primary thinking processes, as codified by Goldratt and others: Current reality tree (CRT, similar to the current state map used by many organizations) — evaluates the network of cause-effect relations between the undesirable effects (UDE's, also known as gap elements) and helps to pinpoint the root cause(s) of most of the undesirable effects.
One can immediately find if is restricted to 1 only, the Hamiltonian reduces to conventional Heisenberg model. An important feature of the multipolar exchange Hamiltonian is its anisotropy. [ 21 ] The value of coupling constant C K i K j Q i Q j {\displaystyle C_{K_{i}K_{j}}^{Q{i}Q_{j}}} is usually very sensitive to the relative angle between ...