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Primidone, sold under various brand names (including Mysoline), is a barbiturate medication that is used to treat partial and generalized seizures [7] and essential tremors. [8] It is taken by mouth. [7] Its common side effects include sleepiness, poor coordination, nausea, and loss of appetite. [7] Severe side effects may include suicide and ...
[4] [5] [6] However, barbiturates are still used as anticonvulsants (e.g., phenobarbital and primidone) and general anesthetics (e.g., sodium thiopental). Barbiturates in high doses are used for medical aid in dying , and in combination with a muscle relaxant for euthanasia and for capital punishment by lethal injection .
Treatment can be problematic: Barbiturates and primidone must be avoided as they commonly precipitate symptoms. [28] Some benzodiazepines are safe, and, when used in conjunction with newer anti-seizure medications such as gabapentin, offer a possible regimen for seizure control. [citation needed]
Methylphenobarbital (), also known as mephobarbital (USAN, JAN) and mephobarbitone (), marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant, [2] but also as a sedative and anxiolytic.
Barbital (or barbitone), sold under the brand names Veronal for the pure acid and Medinal for the sodium salt, was the first commercially available barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid; hence, the sodium salt is known also as ...
Barbiturates showed some hydrolytic problems in regard to formulation of liquid dosage forms. The difficulty is -OH catalyzed degration of the ureide rings but that can be fixed if the pH is 6 in the formulation. S(-) form of barbiturate have shown more depressant activity while the R(+) isomers have an excitatory effect. [33]
Alphenal, also known as 5-allyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate derivative developed in the 1920s. [1] It has primarily anticonvulsant properties and was used occasionally for the treatment of epilepsy or convulsions, although not as commonly as better known barbiturates such as phenobarbital.
Methohexital or methohexitone (marketed under the brand names Brevital and Brietal) is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action. [2] It is similar in its effects to sodium thiopental, a drug with which it competed in the market for anesthetics.