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Airborne pathogens or allergens typically enter the body via the nose, throat, sinuses and lungs. Inhalation of these pathogens affects the respiratory system and can then spread to the rest of the body. Sinus congestion, coughing and sore throats are examples of inflammation of the upper respiratory airway.
It is estimated that DVT affects one in 5,000 travellers on long flights. [9] [10] Risk increases with exposure to more flights within a short time frame and with increasing duration of flights. [10] According to a health expert in Canada, even though the risk of a blood clot is low, given the number of people who fly, it is a public health ...
Hepatitis C is an infectious disease caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) that primarily affects the liver; [2] it is a type of viral hepatitis. [6] During the initial infection period, people often have mild or no symptoms. [1] Early symptoms can include fever, dark urine, abdominal pain, and yellow tinged skin. [1]
An infectious disease agent can be transmitted in two ways: as horizontal disease agent transmission from one individual to another in the same generation (peers in the same age group) [3] by either direct contact (licking, touching, biting), or indirect contact through air – cough or sneeze (vectors or fomites that allow the transmission of the agent causing the disease without physical ...
Bacterial infection of the liver commonly results in pyogenic liver abscesses, acute hepatitis, or granulomatous (or chronic) liver disease. [35] Pyogenic abscesses commonly involve enteric bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and are composed of multiple bacteria up to 50% of the time. [ 35 ]
Viral hepatitis is liver inflammation due to a viral infection. [1] [2] It may present in acute form as a recent infection with relatively rapid onset, or in chronic form, typically progressing from a long-lasting asymptomatic condition up to a decompensated hepatic disease and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Psittacosis—also known as parrot fever, and ornithosis—is a zoonotic infectious disease in humans caused by a bacterium called Chlamydia psittaci and contracted from infected parrots, such as macaws, cockatiels, and budgerigars, and from pigeons, sparrows, ducks, hens, gulls and many other species of birds.
During the acute stage of the infection, the liver enzyme alanine transferase (ALT) is present in the blood at levels much higher than is normal. The enzyme comes from the liver cells damaged by the virus. [46] Hepatovirus A is present in the blood and feces of infected people up to 2 weeks before clinical illness develops. [46]