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Protracted bacterial bronchitis in children, is defined as a chronic productive cough with a positive bronchoalveolar lavage that resolves with antibiotics. [ 77 ] [ 78 ] Protracted bacterial bronchitis is usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae , non-typable Haemophilus influenzae , or Moraxella catarrhalis . [ 78 ]
Additionally, bronchitis is described as either acute or chronic depending on its presentation and is also further described by the causative agent. Acute bronchitis can be defined as acute bacterial or viral infection of the larger airways in healthy patients with no history of recurrent disease. [8]
An exception is when acute bronchitis is due to pertussis. [1] Tentative evidence supports honey and pelargonium to help with symptoms. [1] Acute bronchitis is one of the most common diseases. [3] [13] About 5% of adults are affected and about 6% of children have at least one episode a year. [7] [8] It occurs more often in the winter. [7]
Children with RSV may develop a complication called bronchiolitis, which can cause these symptoms: ... You can get the viruses and bacteria that cause bronchitis from close contact, like shaking ...
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This medicine does not effectively treat a viral infection like sore throats, influenza, bronchitis, sinusitis and common respiratory tract infections. [15] [16] This is because antibiotics were developed to target features of bacteria that are not present in viruses, and so antibiotics are ineffective as antiviral agents. [17] [18]
A trial of antibiotics or inhaled corticosteroids may be tried in children with a chronic cough in an attempt to treat protracted bacterial bronchitis or asthma respectively. [5] There is insufficient evidence to recommend treating children who have a cough that is not related to a specific condition with inhaled anti-cholinergics. [27]
[1] [2] Symptomatic infections tend to develop over a period of several days and manifestation of pneumonia can be confused with a number of other bacterial pathogens and conditions that cause pneumonia. Tracheobronchitis is most common in children due to a reduced immune system capacity, and up to 18% of infected children require ...