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The tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands are characterized by rainfall levels between 90–150 centimetres (35–59 in) per year. [1] Rainfall can be highly seasonal, with the entire year's rainfall sometimes occurring within a couple of weeks. African savannas occur between forest or woodland regions and grassland regions.
Also called desert grasslands, they are composed of sparse grassland ecoregions located in the deserts and xeric shrublands biome. Temperature extremes and low amounts of rainfall characterise these kinds of grasslands. Therefore, plants and animals are well adapted to minimize water loss. [62]
Sodium nitrate forms through the evaporation of water in desert areas. The richest cache of sodium nitrate is located in South America; approximately 3 million metric tons were mined during World War I. It was the earliest food preservative, and is still used today to cure fish and meat to produce bacon, ham, sausage and deli meats.
The savannas of northern Australia, sub-Saharan Africa, Asia and South America are examples of tropical grasslands. The climate is warm with contrasting rainy and dry seasons.
Annual precipitation in these areas ranges from approximately 150 to 1500 mm (6–60 inches). Within South America, rangelands cover about 33% of the total land area. South American rangelands include; grasslands, shrublands, savannas, and hot and cold deserts. Rangelands in South America exclude hyperarid deserts.
Many tropical areas have both a dry and a wet season. The wet season, rainy season or green season is the time of year, ranging from one or more months when most of the average annual rainfall in a region falls. [9] Areas with wet seasons are disseminated across portions of the tropics and subtropics, some even in temperate regions. [10]
Pantanal (South America) Show map of South America The Pantanal ( Portuguese pronunciation: [pɐ̃taˈnaw] ) is a natural region encompassing the world's largest tropical wetland area, and the world's largest flooded grasslands .
The Pampas (from the Quechua: pampa, meaning "plain"), also known as the Pampas Plain, are fertile South American low grasslands that cover more than 1,200,000 square kilometres (460,000 sq mi) and include the Argentine provinces of Buenos Aires, La Pampa, Santa Fe, Entre Ríos, and Córdoba; all of Uruguay; and Brazil's southernmost state, Rio Grande do Sul.