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The Toyota 4Runner is an SUV manufactured by the Japanese automaker Toyota and marketed globally since 1984, across six generations. In Japan, it was marketed as the Toyota Hilux Surf ( Japanese : トヨタ・ハイラックスサーフ , Hepburn : Toyota Hairakkususāfu ) and was withdrawn from the market in 2009.
This book contains predicted electron configurations for the elements up to 172, as well as 184, based on relativistic Dirac–Fock calculations by B. Fricke in Fricke, B. (1975). Dunitz, J. D. (ed.). "Superheavy elements a prediction of their chemical and physical properties". Structure and Bonding. 21. Berlin: Springer-Verlag: 89– 144.
Compared with the 2024 Toyota 4Runner, its replacement is roughly four inches longer, two inches wider, and just under an inch shorter. ... The base gas-only engine is a turbocharged 2.4-liter ...
The usable charge storage capacity of NCA is about 180 to 200 mAh/g. [1] This is well below the theoretical values; for LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 this is 279 mAh/g. [2] However, the capacity of NCA is significantly higher than that of alternative materials such as lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2 with 148 mAh/g, lithium iron phosphate LiFePO 4 with 165 mAh/g and NMC 333 LiNi 0.33 Mn 0.33 Co 0. ...
Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides (abbreviated NMC, Li-NMC, LNMC, or NCM) are mixed metal oxides of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt with the general formula LiNi x Mn y Co 1-x-y O 2. These materials are commonly used in lithium-ion batteries for mobile devices and electric vehicles , acting as the positively charged cathode .
The 2025 Toyota 4Runner lineup features two new trims—an overland-focused Trailhunter and a high-end Platinum—that join the SR5, TRD Sport, TRD Off-Road, Limited, and TRD Pro.
The cathodes of lithium-ion batteries are often made of lithiated oxides of cobalt, nickel, or manganese, that can readily and reversibly incorporate lithium ions in their molecular structure. Cobalt oxide nanomaterials, such as nanotubes , [ 1 ] offer high surface-to-volume ratio and short path lengths for lithium cation transport, leading to ...
Electron affinity can be defined in two equivalent ways. First, as the energy that is released by adding an electron to an isolated gaseous atom. The second (reverse) definition is that electron affinity is the energy required to remove an electron from a singly charged gaseous negative ion.