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Studies indicating that fish can feel pain were confusing nociception with feeling pain, says Rose. "Pain is predicated on awareness. The key issue is the distinction between nociception and pain. A person who is anaesthetised in an operating theatre will still respond physically to an external stimulus, but he or she will not feel pain."
Zangroniz said too much is unknown about fish to say they can or cannot feel pain. The tough part is that fish cannot be compared to other species, she said, like mammals or birds.
Sometimes a distinction is made between "physical pain" and "emotional" or "psychological pain". Emotional pain is the pain experienced in the absence of physical trauma, e.g. the pain experienced by humans after the loss of a loved one, or the break-up of a relationship. It has been argued that only primates, including humans, can feel ...
A Galapagos shark hooked by a fishing boat. Pain negatively affects the health and welfare of animals. [1] " Pain" is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as "an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage."
Rose had published a study a year earlier arguing that fish cannot feel pain because their brains lack a neocortex. [38] However, animal behaviorist Temple Grandin argues that fish could still have consciousness without a neocortex because "different species can use different brain structures and systems to handle the same functions."
There is a species of fish that can cause hallucinations when eaten. As Atlas Obscura notes in a recent report, the fish was reportedly consumed by the Romans for its drug-like effects and by the ...
Researchers are learning that concussions look and feel different in women, too. ... (like headaches, neck pain, and nausea), women often see more cognitive and emotional ones like visual ...
Jennifer Jacquet suggests that the belief that fish do not feel pain originated in response to a 1980s policy aimed at banning catch and release. [34] The range of animals regarded by scientists as sentient or conscious has progressively widened, now including animals such as fish, lobsters and octopus. [35]