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The nature of artificial whitewater courses necessitates the need for a drop in the river, and enough water flow to provide hydraulics. When this isn't possible (often in flat low-lying areas), electric pumps are used to lift and re-circulate the water to the top of the course. The shapes of these courses are commonly circular or U-shaped.
The extreme example of this is the Ocoee Whitewater Center where water must bypass a 96-metre (315 ft) drop in a dam, tunnel, and penstock, in order to water the 9-meter drop of the whitewater course. Most artificial whitewater courses cover their operating costs by charging passengers for guided raft rides.
The course. The Nene Whitewater Centre is a whitewater centre which was the UK's first pumped artificial whitewater course. It is located on the River Nene in Northampton.. The 300m course was designed by slalom designers, Proper Channels Ltd and built in 1999 by Wrekin Construction.
Media in category "Artificial whitewater courses" The following 11 files are in this category, out of 11 total. Cardiff International White Water.jpg 370 × 129; 84 KB
The water is deceptively fast, and all but two of the eddies have swirling water with an upstream component. From the river, paddlers must carry their boats the length of the course to re-enter and make another run. There are two other artificial whitewater courses in the mid-Atlantic region: in Charlotte, NC, and McHenry, MD.
Water Sports [7] Whitewater Rafting – Rafters with trained raft guides can paddle Class II, III, and IV rapids on the artificial whitewater channels. In 2010, the USNWC had 100,000 rafters. Whitewater Kayaking – Whitewater kayakers, from beginner to expert, can paddle, with or without instructors, alongside Olympic contenders.
The center opened in May 2007, constructed at a cost of $24 million, and is the third pump-powered artificial whitewater facility built in North America. [1] Its educational partner in water sports instruction is the Adventuresports Institute of nearby Garrett College, which offers degrees in outdoor adventure sports.
The Tees Barrage International White Water Course, originally the Teesside White Water Course, is an artificial whitewater course on the north bank of the River Tees, in northern England. It is part of the Tees Barrage and is located in the Stockton-on-Tees district, accessible by road only from Thornaby-on-Tees and best accessed by the A66.