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The occiput in dog terms is the bump or protuberance clearly seen at the back of the skull in some breeds like the English Setter and Bloodhound. However, in other breeds it is barely perceptible. Myths in dog folklore believed that size of the occipital protuberance was somehow a measure of the dog's sense of smell.
Conformation in dogs refers solely to the externally visible details of a dog's structure and appearance, as defined in detail by each dog breed's written breed standard. [1] [2] [3] A dog that conforms to most of the items of description in its individual breed standard is said to have good conformation.
In 2007, a study identified a gene that was proposed to be responsible for dog size. The study found a regulatory sequence next to the gene Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), which, together with the gene and regulatory sequence, "is a major contributor to body size in all small dogs." Two variants of this gene were found in large dogs ...
Multiple health issues are associated with runts and teacup dogs. They may suffer from hypoglycaemia (low blood sugar); hydrocephaly due to the small size of the skull; portosystemic shunts; periodontitis and gingivitis due to the small jaw leading to problems with tooth growth; tracheal collapse; degenerative mitral valve disease; luxating patella and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease; and hypothermia.
The research also shows that dogs do not, or cannot, misrepresent their size, and this is the first time research has shown animals can determine another's size by the sound they make. The test, using images of many kinds of dogs, showed a small and big dog and played a growl.
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Over the centuries, the breed existed in various forms, at times serving simply as a companion or guardian dog, but more often utilised as an all-around flushing or working dog. The term barbet gradually became a generic name for any dog with a long, curly, and/or woolly coat. [ 7 ]
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