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The Jumanos Pueblos were several villages of the Tompiro Indians in the mountainous area of central New Mexico between Chupadera Mesa and the Gallinas Mountains including Pueblo Colorado, Pueblo Blanco (Tabirá), and the smaller Pueblo de la Mesa (LA 2091). [1] [2] Usually the group includes the addition of Gran Quivira and Pueblo Pardo. [3]
The Jumanos were a tribe or several tribes, who inhabited a large area of western Texas, New Mexico, and northern Mexico, especially near the Junta de los Rios region with its large settled Indigenous population. They lived in the Big Bend area in the mountain and basin region.
Confusion is rife concerning the complex mix of Indigenous peoples who lived near the Rio Grande in west Texas and northern Mexico. They are often collectively called Jumanos, a name which could only be applied to the Plains Indians who lived in the Pecos River and Concho River valleys of Texas but traveled to and traded with the people in the Rio Grande Valley. [5]
Gran Quivira, also known as Las Humanas, was one of the Jumanos Pueblos of the Tompiro Indians in the mountainous area of central New Mexico.It was a center of the salt trade prior to the Spanish incursion into the region and traded heavily to the south with the Jumanos of the area of modern Presidio, Texas and other central Rio Grande areas.
The Plains dwelling Jumano Indians were called by the same name, and authorities differ as to whether they were related to the Tompiros or simply given similar names by the Spaniards. [5] Territory and Settlements and Missions of the Tompiro Indians. As village-dwelling and sedentary Pueblo Indians, the Tompiros lived in a marginal climate.
Antonio de Espejo (c. 1540–1585) was a Spanish explorer who led an expedition, accompanied by Diego Perez de Luxan, into what is now New Mexico and Arizona in 1582–83. [1] [2] The expedition created interest in establishing a Spanish colony among the Pueblo Indians of the Rio Grande valley.
An active pueblo that is home of one of the 21 federally recognized Pueblos. Las Madres: Tano Galisteo: Ruins located on the Galisteo Basin. Maigua: Tiwa Bernalillo Great house Ruins. One of the 12 pueblos of Tiwa Indians along both sides of the Rio Grande, north and south of present-day Bernalillo Malpais: Tiwa Bernalillo Great house Ruins.
The Spanish demurred saying the Jumano visited Spanish settlements yearly and had no need of missions among them. The Spanish detected an undercurrent of hostility among the Indians and declined to remain encamped with them. [16] In 1692, Sabeata organized a campaign against the Chisos Indians who had attacked the Indians at La Junta.