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Transient synovitis is a diagnosis of exclusion. [4] The diagnosis can be made in the typical setting of pain or limp in a young child who is not generally unwell and has no recent trauma. There is a limited range of motion of the hip joint. Nevertheless, children with transient synovitis of the hip can usually weight bear.
Hypermobility, also known as double-jointedness, describes joints that stretch farther than normal. [2] For example, some hypermobile people can bend their thumbs backwards to their wrists and bend their knee joints backwards, put their leg behind the head or perform other contortionist "tricks".
Although sonography is extremely sensitive in detecting increased synovial fluid, it is nonspecific and cannot be used with accuracy to determine the type of fluid. Transient synovitis of the hip, despite being the most frequent cause of pain in children between 3 and 10 years, remains a diagnosis of exclusion.
Infectious tenosynovitis in 2.5% to 9.4% of all hand infections. Kanavel's cardinal signs are used to diagnose infectious tenosynovitis. They are: tenderness to touch along the flexor aspect of the finger, fusiform enlargement of the affected finger, the finger being held in slight flexion at rest, and severe pain with passive extension.
It needs to be quickly excluded as early intervention in GBS is indicated. Other conditions under possible consideration are dermatomyositis, muscular dystrophy, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, transient synovitis of the hip, osteomyelitis, and myalgia. [1] Few muscle biopsies have been conducted.
The Kocher criteria are a tool useful in the differentiation of septic arthritis from transient synovitis in the child with a painful hip. [1] They are named for Mininder S. Kocher, an orthopaedic surgeon at Boston Children's Hospital and Professor of Orthopaedic Surgery at Harvard Medical School.
Acute exacerbation of juvenile idiopathic arthritis and transient synovitis of the hip both of which are non-septic conditions may mimic septic arthritis. More serious and life-threatening disorders as bone malignancies e.g. Ewing sarcoma and osteosarcoma may mimic septic arthritis associated with concurrent acute hematogenous osteomyelitis.
Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a disorder characterized by catching or locking of the involved finger in full or near full flexion, typically with force. [2]