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Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. [1] " Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a 2.375-inch (60.3 mm) outside ...
In North America and the UK, pressure piping is usually specified by Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) and schedule (SCH). Pipe sizes are documented by a number of standards, including API 5L, ANSI/ASME B36.10M (Table 1) in the US, and BS 1600 and BS 1387 in the United Kingdom. Typically the pipe wall thickness is the controlled variable, and the Inside ...
The tremie concrete placement method uses a vertical or nearly vertical pipe, through which concrete is placed by gravity feed below water level. [4]The lower end of the pipe is kept immersed in fresh concrete so that concrete rising from the bottom displaces the water above it, thus limiting washing out of the cement content of the fresh concrete at the exposed upper surface.
Prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP) is a common variety of large-diameter concrete pressure pipe used for transporting water and wastewater.PCCP is typical manufactured according to the American Water Works Association (AWWA) standard C304. [1]
The energy consumed in manufacturing ductile iron pipe was 19.55 MJ per kg and volume of emissions released during manufacture was 1.430 kg CO 2 per kg, compared to 68.30 MJ per kg of energy and 4.860 kg CO 2 per kg emissions for PVC pipes, and 1.24 MJ per kg and 0.148 kg CO 2 per kg for concrete pipes of the same diameter. [32]
A general practice is to size the sleeve two NPS (pipe sizes) up from the diameter of the penetrant. For example, a 4" pipe, with 1" of thermal insulation makes a 6" penetrant (1" pipe covering on each side of the pipe), plus two pipe sizes = an 8" sleeve, creating a 1" annulus.
Standard dimension ratio (SDR) is a method of rating a pipe's durability against pressure. The standard dimension ratio describes the correlation between the pipe dimension and the thickness of the pipe wall. [1] Common nominations are SDR11, SDR17, SDR26 and SDR35. Pipes with a lower SDR can withstand higher pressures.
Section of DICL pipe (ductile iron concrete lined), commonly used for utility water mains, showing iron casing, concrete lining, and textured polymer protective coatings on the inner and outer surfaces. Cement-mortar lined ductile iron pipe is a ductile iron pipe with cement lining on the inside surface, and is commonly used for water distribution.