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For example, social ontology examines basic concepts used in the social sciences. Applied ontology is of particular relevance to information and computer science, which develop conceptual frameworks of limited domains. These frameworks are used to store information in a structured way, such as a college database tracking academic activities.
Typically a relation is of a particular type (or class) that specifies in what sense the object is related to the other object in the ontology. For example, in the ontology that contains the concept Ford Explorer and the concept Ford Bronco might be related by a relation of type is defined as a successor of . The full expression of that fact ...
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Nolan, Lawrence. "Descartes' Ontological argument". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Himma, Kenneth E. "Anselm: Ontological Arguments for God's Existence". Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. History of the Ontological Argument with an annotated bibliography.
The opposite has also been claimed, for example by Karl Popper, who held that such problems do exist, that they are solvable, and that he had actually found definite solutions to some of them. David Chalmers divides inquiry into philosophical progress in meta-philosophy into three questions. The Existence Question: is there progress in philosophy?
Carman elaborates: Heidegger's fundamental ontology is relevant to traditional ontology in that it concerns "what any understanding of entities necessarily presupposes, namely, our understanding of that in virtue of which entities are entities". [2] This "ontological difference" is central to Heidegger's philosophy.
In metaphysics, object-oriented ontology (OOO) is a 21st-century Heidegger-influenced school of thought that rejects the privileging of human existence over the existence of nonhuman objects. [1] This is in contrast to post- Kantian philosophy's tendency to refuse "speak[ing] of the world without humans or humans without the world".
Philosophy began to move away from the metaphysics of categorisation towards the linguistic problem of trying to differentiate between, and define, the words being used. Ludwig Wittgenstein ’s conclusion was that there were no clear definitions which we can give to words and categories but only a "halo" or "corona" [ 53 ] of related meanings ...
Ontology is increasingly seen as a separate domain of philosophy in the modern period. [ 31 ] [ 40 ] Many ontological theories of this period were rationalistic in the sense that they saw ontology largely as a deductive discipline that starts from a small set of first principles or axioms, a position best exemplified by Baruch Spinoza and ...