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Long-term use is sometimes described as use not shorter than three months. [2] Benzodiazepines are generally effective when used therapeutically in the short term, [3] but even then the risk of dependency can be significantly high. There are significant physical, mental and social risks associated with the long-term use of benzodiazepines. [3]
A review article in U.S. Pharmacist in 2013 states that long-term use of PPIs is associated with decreased calcium absorption (causing increased risk of osteoporosis and fractures), decreased magnesium absorption (causing electrolyte disturbances), and increased risk of certain infections such as C. difficile and community-acquired pneumonia ...
The authors, however, cited a study in younger patients who at a 3.5-year follow-up showed no memory impairments and speculated that certain memory functions take longer to recover from chronic benzodiazepine use and further improvements in elderly people's cognitive function may occur beyond 52 weeks after withdrawal.
Specialty professional organizations recommend that people take the lowest effective PPI dose to achieve the desired therapeutic result when used to treat gastroesophageal reflux disease long-term. [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 22 ] In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has advised that over-the-counter PPIs, such as Prilosec OTC ...
These side effects are serious and some of them are permanent, and many remain a crucial concern for companies and healthcare professionals and substantial efforts are being encouraged to reduce the potential risks for future antipsychotics through more clinical trials and drug development.
Psychologic therapies are recommended for elderly patients with depression because of this group's vulnerability to adverse effects and high rates of medical problems and medication use. Psychotherapeutic approaches include cognitive behavioral therapy , supportive psychotherapy , problem-solving therapy, and interpersonal therapy. [ 27 ]
In fact, long-term use of Ozempic may reduce the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events like heart attack in people with type 2 diabetes. stefanamer / iStock 6.
The term "steroid dementia" was coined by Varney et al. (1984) in reference to the effects of long-term glucocorticoid use in 1,500 patients. [3] While the condition generally falls under the classification of Cushing's syndrome , the term "steroid dementia syndrome" is particularly useful because it recognizes both the cause of the syndrome ...