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The intestinal villi are much smaller than any of the circular folds in the intestine. Villi increase the internal surface area of the intestinal walls making available a greater surface area for absorption. An increased absorptive area is useful because digested nutrients (including monosaccharide and amino acids) pass into the semipermeable ...
Microvillus inclusion disease, previously known as Davidson's disease, congenital microvillus atrophy and, less specifically, microvillus atrophy (note: microvillus is often misspelled as microvillous), is a rare genetic disorder of the small intestine that is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. [1] [2]
The intestinal mucosa turnover is dynamic, nutrient-dependent and rapid, [52] and malnourished children have rate-limiting stores for repairing mucosal damage. [ 24 ] The nutrients known to contribute to intestinal regeneration and improved barrier function are sulphur containing amino acids, [ 53 ] glutamine, vitamin A and zinc.
Refractory coeliac disease should not be confused with the persistence of symptoms despite gluten withdrawal [114] caused by transient conditions derived from the intestinal damage, [111] [112] [115] which generally revert or improve several months after starting a gluten-free diet, [116] [117] such as small intestinal bacterial overgrowth ...
[7] [22] Ultimately, the community of microorganisms that lives in the intestine may overgrow and may be the cause of further symptoms, though this idea has not been fully investigated. The alteration of the villi leads to an inability of nutrient and water absorption from the intestine, resulting in diarrhoea, one of the predominant symptoms. [22]
Symptoms of E. coli illness include — but are not limited to — severe stomach cramps, diarrhea (often bloody), vomiting, respiratory illness, urinary tract infections, fever and pneumonia ...
It has also been observed to cause villus ischemia, and increase intestinal motility. [15] The net result of these changes is induced diarrhoea. [15] Enteritis necroticans is an often fatal illness, caused by β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens. [16] This causes inflammation and segments of necrosis throughout the gastrointestinal tract.
Autoimmune enteropathy is a rare autoimmune disorder characterized by weight loss from malabsorption, severe and protracted diarrhea, and autoimmune damage to the intestinal mucosa. [1] Autoimmune enteropathy typically occurs in infants and younger children however, adult cases have been reported in literature. [ 9 ]