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  2. Spasmodic dysphonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spasmodic_dysphonia

    Spasmodic dysphonia, also known as laryngeal dystonia, is a disorder in which the muscles that generate a person's voice go into periods of spasm. [1] [2] This results in breaks or interruptions in the voice, often every few sentences, which can make a person difficult to understand. [1]

  3. What is spasmodic dysphonia, RFK Jr.’s voice condition? - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/spasmodic-dysphonia-rfk-jr...

    What causes spasmodic dysphonia? The disorder is a neurological problem, the Cleveland Clinic says, that is believed to start in the basal ganglia—a part of the brain that coordinates muscle ...

  4. Dystonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dystonia

    Cervical dystonia (spasmodic torticollis) muscles of the neck: Causes the head to rotate to one side, to pull down towards the chest, or back, or a combination of these postures. Blepharospasm: muscles around the eyes: The patient experiences rapid blinking of the eyes or even their forced closure causing functional blindness. Oculogyric crisis

  5. Muscle tension dysphonia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_tension_dysphonia

    Muscle tension dysphonia (MTD) was originally coined in 1983 by Morrison [2] and describes a dysphonia caused by increased muscle tension of the muscles surrounding the voice box: the laryngeal and paralaryngeal muscles. [3] MTD is a unifying diagnosis for a previously poorly categorized disease process.

  6. Hoarse voice - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoarse_voice

    Botox is a key treatment for voice disorders such as Spasmodic Dysphonia. [33] Voice therapy is mainly used with patients who have an underlying cause of voice misuse or abuse. [ 34 ] Laryngologists also recommend this type of treatment to patients who have an organic voice disorder - such as vocal fold nodules, cysts or polyps as well as to ...

  7. Laryngospasm - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laryngospasm

    Laryngospasm is an uncontrolled or involuntary muscular contraction of the vocal folds. [1] It may be triggered when the vocal cords or the area of the trachea below the vocal folds detects the entry of water, mucus, blood, or other substance.

  8. Speech and language impairment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speech_and_language_impairment

    Spasmodic dysphonia is caused by strained vocal cord movement, which results in awkward voice problems, such as jerkiness or quavering. [3] If nodules or polyps are present, and are large, surgery may be the appropriate choice for removal. Surgery is not recommended for children, however.

  9. Meige's syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meige's_syndrome

    The spasms may cause the mouth to pull open, shut tight, or move repetitively. Speech and swallowing may be distorted. It is often associated with dystonia of the cervical muscles (Spasmodic Torticollis), eyelids (Blepharospasm), or larynx (Spasmodic Dysphonia). [citation needed]