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The number e is a mathematical constant approximately equal to 2.71828 that is the base of the natural logarithm and exponential function.It is sometimes called Euler's number, after the Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler, though this can invite confusion with Euler numbers, or with Euler's constant, a different constant typically denoted .
The number e (e = 2.71828...), also known as Euler's number, which occurs widely in mathematical analysis; ... This limit is illustrated in the animation to the right.
Euler's constant (sometimes called ... [47] If e γ is a rational number, ... Other interesting limits equaling Euler's constant are the antisymmetric limit: [56]
The formula is still valid if x is a complex number, and is also called Euler's formula in this more general case. [1] Euler's formula is ubiquitous in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and engineering. The physicist Richard Feynman called the equation "our jewel" and "the most remarkable formula in mathematics". [2]
Since e is an irrational number (see proof that e is irrational), it cannot be represented as the quotient of two integers, but it can be represented as a continued fraction. Using calculus, e may also be represented as an infinite series, infinite product, or other types of limit of a sequence.
Letting the number of time intervals per year grow without bound leads to the limit definition of the exponential function, = (+) first given by Leonhard Euler. [ 4 ] Differential equations
More generally, e q is irrational for any non-zero rational q. [13] Charles Hermite further proved that e is a transcendental number, in 1873, which means that is not a root of any polynomial with rational coefficients, as is e α for any non-zero algebraic α. [14]
The limit: = (+) The number e is also the base of the natural logarithm. Since e is transcendental, and therefore irrational, its value can not be given exactly. The numerical value of e truncated to 20 decimal places is 2.71828 18284 59045