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  2. Reformism (historical) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reformism_(historical)

    Reformism is a type of social movement that aims to bring a social or also a political system closer to the community's ideal. A reform movement is distinguished from more radical social movements such as revolutionary movements which reject those old ideals, in that the ideas are often grounded in liberalism, although they may be rooted in socialist (specifically, social democratic) or ...

  3. Second Great Awakening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Great_Awakening

    The Second Great Awakening led to a period of antebellum social reform and an emphasis on salvation by institutions. The outpouring of religious fervor and revival began in Kentucky and Tennessee in the 1790s and early 1800s among the Presbyterians , Methodists , and Baptists .

  4. Owenism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owenism

    The B.A.P.C.K. leadership thus formed the National Union of the Working Classes (N.U.W.C.) to push for a combination of Owenism and radical democratic political reform. [18] Owen himself resisted the N.U.W.C.'s political efforts at reform, and by 1833, he was an acknowledged leader of the British trade union movement.

  5. Age of Revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution

    This led to a rapid expansion of cities that resulted in social strains and disturbances. [4] For instance, economic grievances associated with this industrialization fed later revolutions such as those that transpired from 1848. [5] New social classes emerged including those that began to reject orthodox politics. [6]

  6. Progressive Era - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive_Era

    It was led by local chapters of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, whose main goal was to impose prohibition. In keeping with the general reform mood of the latter 1860s and 1870s, the issue first received serious consideration when both houses of the General Assembly passed a women's suffrage amendment to the state constitution in 1870.

  7. Age of Enlightenment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment

    The Tanzimat was a period of reform in the Ottoman Empire that began with the Gülhane Hatt-ı Şerif in 1839 and ended with the First Constitutional Era in 1876. Namik Kemal, a political activist and member of the Young Ottomans, drew on major Enlightenment thinkers and "a variety of intellectual resources in his quest for social and political ...

  8. 19th century - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19th_century

    In the Middle East, it was an era of change and reform. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. Reformers were opposed at every turn by conservatives who strove to maintain the centuries-old Islamic laws and social order. [1]

  9. Classical radicalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_radicalism

    This led to a general use of the term to identify all supporting the movement for parliamentary reform. Initially confined to the upper and middle classes, [ citation needed ] in the early 19th century "popular radicals" brought artisans and the "labouring classes" into widespread agitation [ citation needed ] in the face of harsh government ...