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A practical spark gap transmitter consists of these parts: [11] [13] [14] [15] A high-voltage transformer, to transform the low-voltage electricity from the power source, a battery or electric outlet, to a high enough voltage (from a few kilovolts to 75-100 kilovolts in powerful transmitters) to jump across the spark gap. The transformer ...
Spark gap tube. A spark radiates energy throughout the electromagnetic spectrum. Nowadays, this is usually regarded as illegal radio frequency interference and is suppressed, but in the early days of radio communications (1880–1920), this was the means by which radio signals were transmitted, in the unmodulated spark-gap transmitter.
English: Monopole spark gap radio transmitter which Guglielmo Marconi developed in 1896. It consists of a long wire monopole antenna (A) with a spark gap (S) to ground, with an induction coil (T) powered by a battery (B) through a telegraph key (K). When the key is pressed down, the induction coil applies a string of pulses of high voltage to ...
The circuit of a coherer receiver, that recorded the received code on a Morse paper tape recorder. Unlike modern AM radio stations that transmit a continuous radio frequency, whose amplitude (power) is modulated by an audio signal, the first radio transmitters transmitted information by wireless telegraphy (radiotelegraphy), the transmitter was turned on and off (on-off keying) to produce ...
Continuous or ‘undamped’ waves (CW) were an important feature, since the use of damped waves from spark-gap transmitters resulted in lower transmitter efficiency and communications effectiveness, while polluting the RF spectrum with interference. Circuit of basic arc converter, from Poulsen's 1904 paper (labels added).
The oscillating currents in the primary and secondary gradually die out due to energy dissipated as heat in the spark gap and resistance of the coil. When the current through the spark gap is no longer sufficient to keep the air in the gap ionized, the spark stops ("quenches"), terminating the current in the primary circuit.
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[70] [71] The primary was connected to a bank of oil capacitors (C1) to make a tuned circuit, with a rotary spark gap (SG), powered by 20 to 40 kilovolts from a powerful utility step-up transformer (T). The top of the secondary was connected to the 100-turn 8 ft (2.4 m) diameter "extra" or "resonator" coil (L3) in the center of the room. Its ...