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Maro Reef (Hawaiian: Nalukākala - "surf that arrives in combers") is a largely submerged coral atoll located in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands It was discovered in 1820 by Captain Joseph Allen of the ship Maro , after whose ship the reef was named.
The south shore of Molokai boasts the longest fringing reef in the U.S. and its holdings—nearly 25 mi (40 km) long. [10] Molokai is part of the state of Hawaii and located in Maui County, Hawaii, except for the Kalaupapa Peninsula, which is separately administered as Kalawao County.
Palmyra Atoll (/ p æ l ˈ m aɪ r ə /), also referred to as Palmyra Island, is one of the Northern Line Islands (southeast of Kingman Reef and north of Kiribati). It is located almost due south of the Hawaiian Islands, roughly one-third of the way between Hawaii and American Samoa.
The Hawaiian–Emperor seamount chain is a mostly undersea mountain range in the Pacific Ocean that reaches above sea level in Hawaii.It is composed of the Hawaiian ridge, consisting of the islands of the Hawaiian chain northwest to Kure Atoll, and the Emperor Seamounts: together they form a vast underwater mountain region of islands and intervening seamounts, atolls, shallows, banks and reefs ...
That reef is now over 516 ft (157 m) thick [14] (in the lagoon, 1,261 ft (384 m), composed mostly of post-Miocene limestones with a layer of upper Miocene (Tertiary g) sediments and lower Miocene (Tertiary e) limestones at the bottom overlying the basalts). What remains today is a shallow water atoll about 6 mi (9.7 km) across.
Hawaii's ocean coastline is consequently the fourth-longest in the U.S., at about 750 miles (1,210 km). [ d ] The eight main islands, from northwest to southeast, are Niʻihau , Kauaʻi , Oʻahu , Molokaʻi , Lānaʻi , Kahoʻolawe , Maui , and Hawaiʻi , after which the state is named; the latter is often called the "Big Island" or "Hawaii ...
Red pencil urchin – Papahānaumokuākea. The Papahānaumokuākea Marine National Monument (PMNM) (roughly / p ɑː p ɑː ˈ h ɑː n aʊ m oʊ k u ˌ ɑː k eɪ. ə / [2]) is a World Heritage listed U.S. National Monument encompassing 583,000 square miles (1,510,000 km 2) of ocean waters, including ten islands and atolls of the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands.
First Reef) is the most commonly surfed and photographed. When the reef is hit by a north swell, the peak (the highest tipping-point of the wave where it begins to curl) becomes an A-frame shaped wave, with Pipe closing out a bit and peeling off left, and the equally famous Backdoor Pipeline peeling away to the right at the same time.