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Patch test: applying a patch to the skin, where the patch contains the allergen If an immuno-response is seen in the form of a rash , urticaria ( hives ), or anaphylaxis it can be concluded that the patient has a hypersensitivity (or allergy ) to that allergen .
A patch test relies on the principle of a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.. The first step in becoming allergic is sensitization. When skin is exposed to an allergen, the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) – also known as Langerhans cell or Dermal Dendritic Cell – phagocytize the substance, break it down to smaller components and present them on their surface bound major histocompatibility ...
Patch testing helps identify which substances may be causing a delayed-type allergic reaction in a patient and may identify allergens not identified by blood testing or skin prick testing. It is intended to produce a local allergic reaction on a small area of the patient's back, where the diluted chemicals were planted.
If that doesn't yield a diagnosis, the doctor may order tests which include biopsies, skin patch allergy tests and other diagnostic tools. This article was originally published on TODAY.com.
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Nickel allergy is typically diagnosed by patch testing – applying a patch with 2.5% (in North America) or 5% (in Europe) nickel sulfate to the upper back and looking for irritation on the skin. [2] As with other causes of allergic contact dermatitis, patches containing several common allergens are typically applied to the back for 48 hours ...
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