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Gout and pseudogout crystals viewed under a microscope with a red compensator, which slows red light in one orientation (labeled "polarized light axis"). [18] Urate crystals ( left image) in gout appear yellow when their long axis is parallel to the slow transmission axis of the red compensator and appear blue when perpendicular.
Uric acid crystals in polarized light, showing negative birefringence, with yellow color when aligned parallel to the axis of the red compensator, and blue when aligned perpendicularly to it. [ 58 ] In contrast, CPPD (pseudogout) displays rhombus-shaped crystals with positive birefringence.
When stained with H&E stain, calcium pyrophosphate crystals appears deeply blue ("basophilic"). [10] [11] However, CPP crystals are much better known for their rhomboid shape and weak positive birefringence on polarized light microscopy, and this method remains the most reliable method of identifying the crystals under the microscope. [12]
Tophi is when uric acid crystals around the joints form larger, hard deposits. It can lead to pain, soft tissue damage, and joint deformities. Folks with gout are more prone to certain other ...
English: Microscopy with polarized light of tissue by a metatarsal joint, showing crystals whereof some (one annotated) have rhomboid shape and weak positive nirefringence, consistent with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease (pseudogout).
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As polarised light passes through a birefringent sample, the phase difference between the fast and slow directions varies with the thickness, and wavelength of light used. The optical path difference (o.p.d.) is defined as o . p . d . = Δ n ⋅ t {\displaystyle {o.p.d.}=\Delta \,n\cdot t} , where t is the thickness of the sample.
Polarized light microscopy can mean any of a number of optical microscopy techniques involving polarized light. Simple techniques include illumination of the sample with polarized light. Directly transmitted light can, optionally, be blocked with a polariser oriented at 90 degrees to the illumination. More complex microscopy techniques which ...
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