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  2. Grammatical aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_aspect

    Although English largely separates tense and aspect formally, its aspects (neutral, progressive, perfect, progressive perfect, and [in the past tense] habitual) do not correspond very closely to the distinction of perfective vs. imperfective that is found in most languages with aspect. Furthermore, the separation of tense and aspect in English ...

  3. Lexical aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexical_aspect

    For example, the English verbs arrive and run differ in their lexical aspect since the former describes an event which has a natural endpoint while the latter does not. Lexical aspect differs from grammatical aspect in that it is an inherent semantic property of a predicate, while grammatical aspect is a syntactic or morphological property.

  4. Tense–aspect–mood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense–aspect–mood

    In the indicative, there are five one-word forms conjugated for person and number: one for the present tense (which can indicate progressive or non-progressive aspect); one for the perfective aspect of the past; one for the imperfective aspect of the past; a form for the pluperfect aspect that is only used in formal writing; [19]: pp. 57–58 ...

  5. Perfective aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfective_aspect

    Languages may mark perfective aspect with morphology, syntactic construction, lexemes/particles, or other means. Older Germanic languages: the aspect prefixes ge-(in Old English), gi-(in Old Saxon and Old High German), and ga-(in Gothic) indicate perfective aspects of verbs.

  6. Gnomic aspect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnomic_aspect

    taiyou-wa sun- TOP higashi-kara east-from nobo-ru rise- IPFV taiyou-wa higashi-kara nobo-ru sun-TOP east-from rise-IPFV "the sun rises in the east" whereas the ga (subject) particle would force an episodic reading. English English has no means of morphologically distinguishing a gnomic aspect; however, a generic reference is generally understood to convey an equivalent meaning. Use of the ...

  7. Telicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telicity

    Telicity or telic aspect has been read as a grammatical aspect lately, indicating a reached goal or action completed as intended. Languages that contrast telic and atelic actions are Pirahã and Finnic languages such as Finnish and Estonian ; Czech and Hungarian also have perfective prefixes pre- and meg- , respectively, which are additionally ...

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  9. Literal translation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literal_translation

    Literal translation, direct translation, or word-for-word translation is the translation of a text done by translating each word separately without analysing how the words are used together in a phrase or sentence. [1] In translation theory, another term for literal translation is metaphrase (as opposed to paraphrase for an analogous translation).