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The Second Zhili–Fengtian War (Second Chihli-Fengtien War; simplified Chinese: 第二次直奉战争; traditional Chinese: 第二次直奉戰爭; pinyin: Dì'èrcì Zhífèng Zhànzhēng) of 1924 was a conflict between the Japanese-backed Fengtian clique based in Manchuria, and the more liberal Zhili clique controlling Beijing and backed by Anglo-American business interests.
The First Zhili–Fengtian War (First Chihli-Fengtien War; simplified Chinese: 第一次直奉战争; traditional Chinese: 第一次直奉戰爭; pinyin: Dìyīcì Zhífèng Zhànzhēng) was a 1922 conflict in the Republic of China's Warlord Era between the Zhili and Fengtian cliques for control of Beijing.
Relations with the Fengtian clique, which gave nominal assistance against Anhui clique, deteriorated and Wu again brought victory during the First Zhili–Fengtian War (1922). In the next two years, the Zhili clique scored successive victories which led to Cao Kun's ascendancy to the presidency via bribery. Cao's ambition brought all of his ...
An ally and commander of the Fengtian clique, Zhang Zongchang recruited Russian White (tsarist) emigres for a detachment that he was forming in anticipation of the Second Zhili-Fengtian War. Russian mercenaries in China were numerous due to the previous Russian leased territory in Manchuria, the Chinese Eastern Railway , which still had many ...
Son and successor to Zhang Zuolin, he eventually reconciled the Fengtian clique with the Kuomintang. Known as the "Young Marshal". Guo Songling. 郭松齡 1920–1925: General in the Fengtian Army. Rebelled during the Anti-Fengtian War but was defeated and killed in action Zhang Zongchang. 張宗昌 1925–1928: Ruler of the Shandong province ...
September 15 – November 3 — Second Zhili–Fengtian War: conflict in the Republic of China's Warlord Era between the Zhili and Fengtian cliques for control of Beijing. [1] August–October — Canton Merchants' Corps Uprising; October — Beijing Coup, coup d'état by Feng Yuxiang against Chinese President Cao Kun, leader of the Zhili clique.
The coup occurred at a crucial moment in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War and allowed the pro-Japanese Fengtian clique to defeat the previously dominant Zhili clique. Followed by a brief period of liberalization under Huang Fu , this government was replaced on 23 November 1924, by a conservative, pro-Japanese government led by Duan Qirui .
Cao bought the presidency in 1923 despite opposition by the KMT, Fengtian, Anhui remnants, some of his lieutenants and the public. In the autumn of 1924 the Zhili appeared to be on the verge of complete victory in the Second Zhili–Fengtian War until Feng Yuxiang betrayed the clique, seized Beijing and imprisoned Cao. Zhili forces were routed ...