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Teeth play a vital role in an animal's survival; they are used for eating, grooming and defense. [2] [5] Each tooth is made up of a crown, which is above the gum line and covered in enamel, and roots that anchor the tooth to the alveolar bone. [2] [6] Beneath the enamel, there are collagen fibres and inorganic hydroxyapatite, which together ...
Abfraction is a form of non-carious tooth tissue loss that occurs along the gingival margin. [2] In other words, abfraction is a mechanical loss of tooth structure that is not caused by tooth decay, located along the gum line. There is theoretical evidence to support the concept of abfraction, but little experimental evidence exists. [3]
Get your pet used to having his mouth opened and gums touched. Unless your dog has a very good scissors-type bite, eats raw bones, and chews on ropes, he will need his teeth brushed every day .
For this tooth, the left and right canines would have the same number, "3", but the right is designated with the symbol "┘" under the number, and the left one likewise with "└". The international notation has a different numbering system from the other two, and the right permanent maxillary canine is known as "13" and the left "23".
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Worms and other internal parasites can be treated easily but are some of the most common problems seen in dogs. Some of the internal parasites that cause diarrhea and loose stools in puppies ...
This leads to calculus buildup, which compromises the health of the gingiva (gums). Calculus can form both along the gumline, where it is referred to as supragingival (' above the gum '), and within the narrow sulcus that exists between the teeth and the gingiva, where it is referred to as subgingival (' below the gum ').
Dark red gums at first, then pale, cold gums signaling lack of oxygen. If you suspect that your dog has bloat, consult with your vet immediately. "Bloat and gastric torsion are medical emergencies ...