Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
A stimulant is an overarching term that covers many drugs including those that increase the activity of the central nervous system and the body, [1] drugs that are pleasurable and invigorating, or drugs that have sympathomimetic effects. [2] Sympathomimetic effects are those effects that mimic or copy the actions of the sympathetic nervous ...
[3] [14] [15] Stimulants are commonly used in lengthy exercises that require short bursts (e.g., tennis, team sports, etc.). [16] Stimulants work by increasing catecholamine levels and agonistic activity at the adrenergic receptors. [17] Examples of stimulants include caffeine, [2] ephedrine, methylphenidate and amphetamine.
The mechanisms of sympathomimetic drugs can be direct-acting (direct interaction between drug and receptor), such as α-adrenergic agonists, β-adrenergic agonists, and dopaminergic agonists; or indirect-acting (interaction not between drug and receptor), such as MAOIs, COMT inhibitors, release stimulants, and reuptake inhibitors that increase the levels of endogenous catecholamines.
The following findings are required for substances to be placed in this schedule: [2] The drug or other substance has a high potential for abuse. The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States or a currently accepted medical use with severe restrictions.
Example: MDMA (ecstasy), MDA, 6-APB, AMT. Stimulants increase activity, or arousal, of the central nervous system. They can enhance alertness, attention, cognition, mood and physical performance. Some stimulants are used medicinally to treat individuals with ADHD and narcolepsy. Examples: amphetamines, caffeine, cocaine, nicotine
Amphetamine type stimulants (ATS) are a group of synthetic drugs that are chemical derivatives of the parent compound alpha-methylphenethylamine, also known as amphetamine. Common ATS includes amphetamine, methamphetamine , ephedrine , pseudoephedrine , 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA) and 3,4 ...
For athletes, stimulants are used for two major reasons: to heighten energy levels and to boast endurance. [3] Examples of stimulants are: amphetamine , caffeine , cocaine, ephedrine, fenfluramine (Fen), methamphetamine, methylphenidate , phentermine (Phen), synephrine (bitter orange). Stimulants phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine aren't banned.
[13] [14] [15] In particular, the classes of stimulants that demonstrate possible cognition-enhancing effects in humans have evidence in vitro as direct agonists or indirect agonists of dopamine receptor D 1 or adrenoceptor A 2. [13] [14] [16] [17] Relatively high doses of stimulants cause cognitive deficits. [16] [17]