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The void ratio of a mixture of solids and fluids (gases and liquids), or of a porous ... when the water content of the sample changes ...
Specific gravity for solids and liquids is nearly always measured with respect to water at its densest (at 4 °C or 39.2 °F); for gases, the reference is air at room temperature (20 °C or 68 °F). The term "relative density" (abbreviated r.d. or RD ) is preferred in SI , whereas the term "specific gravity" is gradually being abandoned.
Low temperature approximations for both gases and solids at temperatures less than their characteristic Einstein temperatures or Debye temperatures can be made by the methods of Einstein and Debye discussed below. Water (liquid): CP = 4185.5 J⋅K −1 ⋅kg −1 (15 °C, 101.325 kPa) Water (liquid): CVH = 74.539 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1 (25 °C)
In this method, a small plate-shaped sample of the solid in question, attached to the arm of a force meter, is vertically dipped into a pool of the probe liquid (in actuality, the design of a stationary force meter would have the liquid being brought up, rather than the sample being brought down), and the force exerted on the sample by the ...
The effect of pressure and temperature on the densities of liquids and solids is small. The compressibility for a typical liquid or solid is 10 −6 bar −1 (1 bar = 0.1 MPa) and a typical thermal expansivity is 10 −5 K −1. This roughly translates into needing around ten thousand times atmospheric pressure to reduce the volume of a ...
A small piece of rapidly melting solid argon shows two concurrent phase changes. The transition from solid to liquid, and gas to liquid (shown by the white condensed water vapour). Other phase changes include: Transition to a mesophase between solid and liquid, such as one of the "liquid crystal" phases.
Therefore, the heat capacity of a sample of a solid substance is expected to be 3RN a, or (24.94 J/K)N a, where N a is the number of moles of atoms in the sample, not molecules. Said another way, the atom-molar heat capacity of a solid substance is expected to be 3 R = 24.94 J⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1 , where "amol" denotes an amount of the solid ...
This gives a soil sample of known total volume, V t. From this sample the wet bulk density and the dry bulk density can be determined. [7] For the wet bulk density (total bulk density) this sample is weighed, giving the mass M t. For the dry bulk density, the sample is oven dried and weighed, giving the mass of soil solids, M s.