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A sphygmomanometer (/ ˌ s f ɪ ɡ m oʊ m ə ˈ n ɒ m ɪ t ə r / SFIG-moh-mə-NO-mi-tər), also known as a blood pressure monitor, or blood pressure gauge, is a device used to measure blood pressure, composed of an inflatable cuff to collapse and then release the artery under the cuff in a controlled manner, [1] and a mercury or aneroid manometer to measure the pressure.
Mercury is a useful material to use in a manometer because of its high density. This means that a much shorter column is needed compared to water. [2] For instance, the pressure represented by a column of 100 mm of water is just under 7.4 mm of mercury . [3]
The use of mercury manometers is often required in clinical trials and for the clinical measurement of hypertension in high-risk patients, such as pregnant women. A cuff of the appropriate size [ 12 ] is fitted snugly, then inflated manually by repeatedly squeezing a rubber bulb until the artery is completely occluded.
A single-limb liquid-column manometer has a larger reservoir instead of one side of the U-tube and has a scale beside the narrower column. The column may be inclined to further amplify the liquid movement. Based on the use and structure, following types of manometers are used [20] Simple manometer; Micromanometer; Differential manometer
The pressure in this smaller volume is then measured by a mercury manometer, and knowing the compression ratio (the ratio of the initial and final volumes), the pressure of the original vacuum can be determined by applying Boyle's law. This method is fairly accurate for non-condensable gases, such as oxygen and nitrogen.
It is a marker of respiratory muscle function and strength, [4] represented by cmH 2 O and measured with a manometer. MIP is an important and noninvasive index of diaphragm strength and an independent tool for diagnosing many illnesses. [5] Typical MIPs in adult males can be estimated from the equation M IP = 142 - (1.03 x Age) cmH 2 O, where ...
When a particle hits a hotter surface, heat transfer will take place and the particle will gain energy. When a particle hits a colder surface, the opposite occurs. Particles that interact with a hotter or colder surface will exert a force on that surface. A Knudsen manometer uses this temperature-effect to make a plate with dual temperatures ...
The resistance can be set using a bridge circuit. The current required to achieve this balance is therefore a measure of the vacuum. The gauge may be used for pressures between 0.5 Torr to 1×10 −4 Torr. Below 5×10 −4 Torr, a Pirani gauge has only one significant digit of resolution. The thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the gas ...
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