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  2. Molniya orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya_orbit

    Download as PDF; Printable version; ... is the orbital inclination, is the ... The exact height of a satellite in a Molniya orbit varies between missions, but a ...

  3. List of orbits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_orbits

    Molniya orbit: A semi-synchronous variation of a Tundra orbit. For Earth this means an orbital period of just under 12 hours. Such a satellite spends most of its time over two designated areas of the planet. An inclination of 63.4° is normally used to keep the perigee shift small. [15]

  4. Molniya (satellite) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya_(satellite)

    Download as PDF; Printable version; In other projects ... (and the upgrade Molniya 1T) ... and the orbital period needed to be approximately half a sidereal day ...

  5. Highly elliptical orbit - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highly_elliptical_orbit

    A highly elliptical orbit (HEO) is an elliptic orbit with high eccentricity, usually referring to one around Earth.Examples of inclined HEO orbits include Molniya orbits, named after the Molniya Soviet communication satellites which used them, and Tundra orbits.

  6. Comparison of retired orbital launch systems - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_retired...

    This comparison of retired orbital launch systems lists the attributes of all retired individual rocket configurations designed to reach orbit. For a list of proposed rocket configurations or individual configurations currently being launched check out Comparison of Orbital Launch Systems .

  7. Comparison of orbital launcher families - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_orbital...

    The article is organized into two tables: the first contains a list of currently active and under-development launcher families, while the second contains a list of retired launcher families. The related article " Comparison of orbital launch systems " lists each individual launcher system within any given launcher family, categorized by its ...

  8. Kosmos 2469 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosmos_2469

    The launch successfully placed the satellite into a molniya orbit. It subsequently received its Kosmos designation, and the international designator 2010-049A. [3] The United States Space Command assigned it the Satellite Catalog Number 37170. [3] It was the last launch of a US-K satellite and the last launch of a Molniya-M rocket. [5]

  9. Meridian (satellite) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meridian_(satellite)

    Meridian (Russian: Меридиан) is a family of telecommunications satellites for civil and military use developed by Russia in the 2000s, placed in a Molniya Orbit, and intended to replace the two last series of Molniya satellites still in activity, as well as the old Parus satellites. The first launch took place on 24 December 2006 ...