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1 – True North 2 – Heading, the direction the vessel is "pointing towards" 3 – Magnetic north, which differs from true north by the magnetic variation. 4 – Compass north, including a two-part error; the magnetic variation (6) and the ship's own magnetic field (5) 5 – Magnetic deviation, caused by vessel's magnetic field.
A compass thus adjusted provides a course bearing in relation to true north instead of magnetic north as long as it remains within an area on the same isogonic line. In the image at the right, the bezel's N has been aligned with the direction indicated by the magnetic end of the compass needle, adjusted for local declination (10 degrees west of ...
True course is 120°, the Variation is 5° West, and the Deviation is 1° West. T: 120° V: +5° M: 125° D: +1° C: 126° Therefore, to achieve a true course of 120°, one should follow a compass heading of 126°. True course is 120°, the Variation is 5° East and the Deviation is 1° East. T: 120° V: −5° M: 115° D: −1° C: 114°
If the reference direction is north (either true north, magnetic north, or grid north), the bearing is termed an absolute bearing. In a contemporary land navigation context, true, magnetic, and grid bearings are always measured in this way, with true north, magnetic north, or grid north being 0° in a 360-degree system. [5]
Compass needles in the Northern Hemisphere point toward the magnetic North Pole, although the exact location of it changes from time to time as the contours of Earth’s magnetic field also change.
The azimuth compass still had great value in letting the master of a ship determine how far the magnetic compass varied from true north, so he could set a more accurate course while following a line of constant latitude or using dead reckoning to navigate. In 1795 a British First Rate ship would have up to eight compasses, of which one was an ...
The first is magnetic declination or variation—the angular difference between magnetic North (the local direction of the Earth's magnetic field) and true North. [1] The second is magnetic deviation—the angular difference between magnetic North and the compass needle due to nearby sources of interference such as magnetically permeable bodies ...
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