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Windows Vista uses Package Manager (Pkgmgr.exe) and Windows Update Standalone Installer (Wusa.exe) to install software updates and hotfixes. However, these do not support the various command-line switches like Windows XP's Package Installer (Update.exe) did. [84] Much of the functionality from Update.exe is missing.
The Security Account Manager (SAM) is a database file [1] in Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7, 8.1, 10 and 11 that stores users' passwords. It can be used to authenticate local and remote users. Beginning with Windows 2000 SP4, Active Directory authenticates remote users.
User Account Control (UAC) is a mandatory access control enforcement feature introduced with Microsoft's Windows Vista [1] and Windows Server 2008 operating systems, with a more relaxed [2] version also present in Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 8, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows 10, and Windows 11.
Ophcrack is a free open-source (GPL licensed) program that cracks Windows log-in passwords by using LM hashes through rainbow tables.The program includes the ability to import the hashes from a variety of formats, including dumping directly from the SAM files of Windows, and can be run via the command line or using the program’s GUI (Graphical user interface).
To avoid this and maintain optimal system security on pre-UAC Windows systems, it is recommended to simply authenticate when necessary from a standard user account, either via a password set to the built-in administrator account, or another administrator account. In Windows Vista/7/8/10/11 administrator accounts, a prompt will appear to ...
Windows 7: Windows Command Prompt: Text-based shell (command line interpreter) that provides a command line interface to the operating system Windows NT 3.1: PowerShell: Command-line shell and scripting framework. Windows XP: Windows Shell: The most visible and recognizable aspect of Microsoft Windows.
chntpw has no support for fully encrypted NTFS partitions (the only possible exceptions to this are encrypted partitions readable by Linux such as LUKS), usernames containing Unicode characters, or Active Directory passwords (with the exception of local users of systems that are members of an AD domain).
Starting from Windows Vista, one can also edit wireless settings (for example, SSID) using netsh. netsh can also be used to read information from the IPv6 stack. The command netsh winsock reset can be used to reset TCP/IP problems when communicating with a networked device.