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  2. Surface brightness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_brightness

    A truly dark sky has a surface brightness of 2 × 10 −4 cd m −2 or 21.8 mag arcsec −2. [9] [clarification needed] The peak surface brightness of the central region of the Orion Nebula is about 17 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 14 milli nits) and the outer bluish glow has a peak surface brightness of 21.3 Mag/arcsec 2 (about 0.27 millinits). [10]

  3. Photometry (astronomy) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photometry_(astronomy)

    An object's surface brightness is its brightness per unit solid angle as seen in projection on the sky, and measurement of surface brightness is known as surface photometry. [9] A common application would be measurement of a galaxy's surface brightness profile, meaning its surface brightness as a function of distance from the galaxy's center.

  4. Surface brightness fluctuation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surface_brightness_fluctuation

    Surface brightness fluctuation (SBF) is a secondary distance indicator used to estimate distances to galaxies. It is useful to 100 Mpc ( parsec ). The method measures the variance in a galaxy's light distribution arising from fluctuations in the numbers of and luminosities of individual stars per resolution element.

  5. Light-time correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-time_correction

    Light-time correction can be applied to any object whose distance and motion are known. In particular, it is usually necessary to apply it to the motion of a planet or other Solar System object. For this reason, the combined displacement of the apparent position due to the effects of light-time correction and aberration is known as planetary ...

  6. Cosmic distance ladder - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_distance_ladder

    Surface Brightness Fluctuations 0.3 15.9 ± 0.9 50 ... There is a direct relation between a nova's max magnitude and the time for its visible light to decline by two ...

  7. Sky brightness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_brightness

    (The S 10 unit is defined as the surface brightness of a star whose V-magnitude is 10 and whose light is smeared over one square degree, or 27.78 mag arcsec −2.) The total sky brightness in zenith is therefore ~220 S 10 or 21.9 mag/arcsec² in the V-band. Note that the contributions from Airglow and Zodiacal light vary with the time of year ...

  8. Lambert's cosine law - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambert's_cosine_law

    A surface which obeys Lambert's law is said to be Lambertian, and exhibits Lambertian reflectance. Such a surface has a constant radiance/luminance, regardless of the angle from which it is observed; a single human eye perceives such a surface as having a constant brightness, regardless of the angle from which the eye observes the surface. It ...

  9. Fluent Design System - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluent_Design_System

    Fluent Design System (codenamed "Project Neon"), [11] officially unveiled as Microsoft Fluent Design System, [12] is a design language developed in 2017 by Microsoft.Fluent Design is a revamp of Microsoft Design Language 2 (sometimes erroneously known as "Metro", the codename of Microsoft Design Language 1) that includes guidelines for the designs and interactions used within software designed ...