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Chaber, chaver or ḥaber (Hebrew: חָבֵר ḥāḇēr, Hebrew pronunciation:) is a Hebrew term meaning "associate"; "colleague"; "fellow"; "companion"; or "friend". It appears twice in the Hebrew Bible, and is used in various ways in rabbinic sources.
The meaning of the word philoi is deeply rooted in the concept of reciprocity; encompassing the exchange of favors and support, in addition to a profound sense of duty to each other. [2] Philoi typically encompassed family members foremost, with the addition of friends or members of society with whom obligations, loyalty or other established ...
It is almost always translated as 'guest-friendship' or 'ritualized friendship'. [1] It is an institutionalized relationship rooted in generosity, gift exchange, and reciprocity. [ 2 ] Historically, hospitality towards foreigners and guests ( Hellenes not of your polis ) was understood as a moral obligation, as well as a political imperative.
Although quick-witted, and quick to respond, Eliphaz loses his composure in chapter 22, in the third and final round of speeches, accusing Job of specific faults, "sins against justice and charity towards others": [11] oppressing widows and orphans, refusing bread to the hungry: a far cry from how he had originally described Job in his first address to him:
John Stott follows the New English Bible in suggesting that the phrase means the other apostles "accepted Barnabas and myself as partners, and shook hands upon it." [1] Herman Ridderbos, however, believes that the "giving of right hands represents more than a reciprocal acknowledgment or testimony of friendship: it suggests rather a covenant." [2]
Koinonia is a transliterated form of the Greek word κοινωνία, which refers to concepts such as fellowship, joint participation, partnership, the share which one has in anything, a gift jointly contributed, a collection, a contribution. In the Politics of Aristotle it is used to mean a community of any size from a single family to a ...
As Gerard Hughes points out, in Books VIII and IX of his Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle gives examples of philia including: . young lovers (1156b2), lifelong friends (1156b12), cities with one another (1157a26), political or business contacts (1158a28), parents and children (1158b20), fellow-voyagers and fellow-soldiers (1159b28), members of the same religious society (1160a19), or of the same ...
Elihu (Hebrew: אֱלִיהוּא ’Ĕlīhū’, 'my God is he') is a critic of Job and his three friends in the Hebrew Bible's Book of Job. He is said to have been the son of Barachel and a descendant of Buz, who may have been from the line of Abraham (Genesis 22:20–21 mentions Buz as a nephew of Abraham).
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