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The Indian removal was the United States government's policy of ethnic cleansing through the forced displacement of self-governing tribes of American Indians from their ancestral homelands in the eastern United States to lands west of the Mississippi River—specifically, to a designated Indian Territory (roughly, present-day Oklahoma), which ...
The Cherokee removal (May 25, 1838 – 1839), part of the Indian removal, refers to the forced displacement of an estimated 15,500 Cherokees and 1,500 African-American slaves from the U.S. states of Georgia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Alabama to the West according to the terms of the 1835 Treaty of New Echota. [1]
[36] [37] Historian Jacob Piatt Dunn is credited for naming the Potawatomi's forced march "The Trail of Death" in his book, True Indian Stories (1909). [38] It was the single largest Indian removal in the state. [39] Journals, letters, and newspaper accounts of the journey provide details of the route, weather, and living conditions.
The Treaty of St. Mary's led to the removal of the Delaware, in 1820, and the remaining Kickapoo, who removed west of the Mississippi River. After the United States Congress passed the Indian Removal Act (1830), removals in Indiana became part of a larger nationwide effort that was carried out under President Andrew Jackson's administration ...
The Indian Removal Act of 1830 was signed into law on May 28, 1830, by United States President Andrew Jackson.The law, as described by Congress, provided "for an exchange of lands with the Indians residing in any of the states or territories, and for their removal east of the river Mississippi".
The prioritization of American Indian removal and his violent past created a sense of restlessness among U.S. territories. During his presidency, "the United States made eighty-six treaties with twenty-six American Indian nations between New York and the Mississippi, all of them forcing land cessions, including removals". [45]
Resisting European-American settlers encroaching on their territory, they were forced by the U.S. government to sell their traditional lands in the 1832 Treaty of Pontotoc Creek and move to Indian Territory during the era of Indian removal in the 1830s. Most of their descendants remain as residents of what is now Oklahoma. [3]
Indian Removal: The Emigration of the Five Civilized Tribes of Indians. University of Oklahoma Press. Hershberger, Mary. 1999. “Mobilizing Women, Anticipating Abolition: The Struggle against Indian Removal in the 1830s”. The Journal of American History 86 (1): 15–40. doi:10.2307/2567405. Rosier, Arthur H. De. 1981. The Removal of the ...