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Catchment zone in Nattai, Australia containing drinking water. Catchment hydrology is the study of hydrology in drainage basins. Catchments are areas of land where runoff collects to a specific zone. This movement is caused by water moving from areas of high energy to low energy due to the influence of gravity.
Watershed delineation is the process of identifying the boundary of a watershed, also referred to as a catchment, drainage basin, or river basin.It is an important step in many areas of environmental science, engineering, and management, for example to study flooding, aquatic habitat, or water pollution.
The oceans drain approximately 83% of the land in the world. The other 17% – an area larger than the basin of the Arctic Ocean – drains to internal endorheic basins. There are also substantial areas of the world that do not "drain" in the commonly understood sense.
Watersheds as optimal spanning forest have been introduced by Jean Cousty et al. [12] They establish the consistency of these watersheds: they can be equivalently defined by their “catchment basins” (through a steepest descent property) or by the “dividing lines” separating these catchment basins (through the drop of water principle ...
The Areal Reduction Factor (ARF) takes the catchment area into account. For small catchments (below 1 km 2) the ARF is not required. To find the depth of a rainfall of duration D and return period T at a given location in the UK, the following should be carried out: Find M5-60 minutes rainfall depth and "r" for the location using FSR maps.
A drainage basin can be defined by three elementary quantities: channels, the hillslope area associated with those channels, and the source areas. [3] The channels are the well-defined segments that efficiently carry water through the catchment.
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When the response factor A can be determined from the characteristics of the watershed (catchment area), the reservoir can be used as a deterministic model or analytical model, see hydrological modelling. Otherwise, the factor A can be determined from a data record of rainfall and runoff using the method explained below under non-linear reservoir.
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