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A superhard material is not necessarily "supertough". For example, the fracture toughness of diamond is about 7–10 MPa·m 1/2, [16] [17] which is high compared to other gemstones and ceramic materials, but poor compared to many metals and alloys – common steels and aluminium alloys have the toughness values at least 5 times higher. [18]
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About 50% of tungsten is used in tungsten carbide, with the remaining major use being alloys and steels: less than 10% is used other compounds. [21] Tungsten is the only metal in the third transition series that is known to occur in biomolecules, being found in a few species of bacteria and archaea.
Manufacturers use its alloys with platinum, iridium, and other platinum-group metals to make fountain pen nib tipping, electrical contacts, and in other applications that require extreme durability and hardness. [12] Osmium is among the rarest elements in the Earth's crust, making up only 50 parts per trillion . [13] [14]
A superalloy, or high-performance alloy, is an alloy with the ability to operate at a high fraction of its melting point. [1] Key characteristics of a superalloy include mechanical strength , thermal creep deformation resistance, surface stability, and corrosion and oxidation resistance.
Mischmetal (various rare earth elements) Terfenol-D (terbium, dysprosium, and iron), a highly magnetostrictive alloy used in portable speakers such as the SoundBug device; Ferrocerium (cerium, iron) Neodymium magnets, another strong permanent magnet; SmCo ; used for permanent magnets in guitar pickups, headphones, satellite transponders, etc.
It is part of the refractory metals group, which are widely used as components of strong high-melting-point alloys. It is a group 5 element , along with vanadium and niobium , and it always occurs in geologic sources together with the chemically similar niobium, mainly in the mineral groups tantalite , columbite and coltan .
The machinability of magnesium alloys is the best of any commercial metal, ... earth+zirconium alloys such as WE54 and WE43 (the latter with composition Mg 93.6%, Y 4 ...
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