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A derivative of timoprazole, omeprazole, was discovered in 1979, and was the first of a new class of drug that control acid secretion in the stomach, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI). [11] [12] Addition of 5-methoxy-substitution to the benzimidazole moiety of omeprazole was also made and gave the compound much more stability at neutral pH. [6]
Proton-pump inhibitors have largely superseded the H 2-receptor antagonists, a group of medications with similar effects but a different mode of action, and heavy use of antacids. [3] A potassium-competitive acid blocker (PCAB) revaprazan was marketed in Korea as an alternative to a PPI.
Omeprazole is a proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) and its effectiveness is similar to that of other PPIs. [9] It can be taken by mouth or by injection into a vein . [ 1 ] [ 10 ] It is also available in the fixed-dose combination medication omeprazole/sodium bicarbonate as Zegerid [ 11 ] [ 12 ] and as Konvomep.
Proton-pump inhibitors are named using the suffix "-prazole". There is a purported correlation (but no proven causal link) between the use of PPIs and the risk of dementia. [ 6 ] However, this remain controversial as chronic and co-morbid pathology, and resultant polypharmacy (including increased consumption of PPIs), will probably itself also ...
Pantoprazole is a proton pump inhibitor that decreases gastric acid secretion. [5] It works by inactivating (H+/K+)-ATPase function in the stomach. [9] [5] The study of pantoprazole began in 1985, and it came into medical use in Germany in 1994. [10] It is available as a generic medication.
Azeloprazole was designed in Japan with pharmacogenomics in mind. Some drugs in the proton pump inhibitor class are metabolized by the hepatic enzyme CYP2C19.Some individuals, such as people of Japanese ancestry, are more likely to be poor CYP2C19 metabolizers; that is, their ability to metabolize certain drugs through CYP2C19 is compromised by a genetic mutation in one or both copies of the ...
It is an active pump that generates a proton concentration gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane, because there are more protons outside the matrix than inside. The difference in pH and electric charge (ignoring differences in buffer capacity) creates an electrochemical potential difference that works similar to that of a battery or ...
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