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In mathematics, and especially in category theory, a commutative diagram is a diagram of objects, also known as vertices, and morphisms, also known as arrows or edges, such that when selecting two objects any directed path through the diagram leads to the same result by composition.
A building's surface detailing, inside and outside, often includes decorative moulding, and these often contain ogee-shaped profiles—consisting (from low to high) of a concave arc flowing into a convex arc, with vertical ends; if the lower curve is convex and higher one concave, this is known as a Roman ogee, although frequently the terms are used interchangeably and for a variety of other ...
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a monad is a triple (,,) consisting of a functor T from a category to itself and two natural transformations, that satisfy the conditions like associativity.
In mathematics, a map or mapping is a function in its general sense. [1] These terms may have originated as from the process of making a geographical map: mapping the Earth surface to a sheet of paper. [2] The term map may be used to distinguish some special types of functions, such as homomorphisms.
In mathematical analysis, the staircase paradox is a pathological example showing that limits of curves do not necessarily preserve their length. [1] It consists of a sequence of "staircase" polygonal chains in a unit square , formed from horizontal and vertical line segments of decreasing length, so that these staircases converge uniformly to ...
A monomorphism can be called a mono for short, and we can use monic as an adjective. [1] A morphism f has a left inverse or is a split monomorphism if there is a morphism g : Y → X such that g ∘ f = id X. Thus f ∘ g : Y → Y is idempotent; that is, (f ∘ g) 2 = f ∘ (g ∘ f) ∘ g = f ∘ g. The left inverse g is also called a ...
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain.
In mathematics, a phase line is a diagram that shows the qualitative behaviour of an autonomous ordinary differential equation in a single variable, = (). The phase line is the 1-dimensional form of the general n {\displaystyle n} -dimensional phase space , and can be readily analyzed.