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The Lankford coefficient (also called Lankford value, R-value, or plastic strain ratio) [1] is a measure of the plastic anisotropy of a rolled sheet metal. This scalar quantity is used extensively as an indicator of the formability of recrystallized low-carbon steel sheets. [2]
Measurement of the amount of drawing performed on a sheet metal blank is quantified using drawing ratio. The higher the drawing ratio, the more extreme the amount of deep drawing. Due to the geometry, forces, metal flow and material properties of the work, there is a limit to the amount of deep drawing that can be performed on a sheet metal ...
A forming limit diagram, also known as a forming limit curve, is used in sheet metal forming for predicting forming behavior of sheet metal. [1] [2] The diagram attempts to provide a graphical description of material failure tests, such as a punched dome test. In order to determine whether a given region has failed, a mechanical test is performed.
For sheet metal forming analysis within the metal forming process, a successful technique requires a non-contact optical 3D deformation measuring system. The system analyzes, calculates and documents deformations of sheet metal parts, for example. It provides the 3D coordinates of the component's surface as well as the distribution of major and ...
A joggle bend in sheet metal (at top of image) and a hand joggling tool Joggling , [ 5 ] also known as joggle bending , is an offset bending process in which two opposite bends with equal angles are formed in a single action creating a small s-shape bend profile and an offset between the unbent face and the result flange that is typically less ...
K-factor (fire protection), formula used to calculate the discharge rate from a fire system nozzle; K-factor (metalurgy), formulae used to calculate the bending capacity of sheet metal; K factor (traffic engineering), the proportion of annual average daily traffic occurring in an hour
Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming process in which a sheet metal blank is radially drawn into a forming die by the mechanical action of a punch. [1] It is thus a shape transformation process with material retention. The process is considered "deep" drawing when the depth of the drawn part exceeds its diameter.
The punch force required to punch a piece of sheet metal can be estimated from the following equation: [4] F = 0.7 t L ( U T S ) {\displaystyle F=0.7tL(UTS)} Where t is the sheet metal thickness, L is the total length sheared (perimeter of the shape), and UTS is the ultimate tensile strength of the material.