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The International Council on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, a 2015 Swiss NGO of pharmaceutical companies and others, defined a contract research organization (CRO), specifically pertaining to clinical trials services as: [8]: 10 "A person or an organization (commercial, academic, or other) contracted by the sponsor to perform one or ...
UK income tax and National Insurance charges (2016–17) UK income tax and National Insurance as a percentage of taxable pay, and marginal income tax and NI rate (2016–17) Annual income percentiles for taxpayers in the UK, before and after income tax. In the SVG file, hover over a graph to highlight it.
Direct tax is a tax paid by a person, as opposed to a tax levied on a business that the person indirectly pays. Double taxation is when a tax is paid twice on the same income or item. Indirect tax is a tax collected by an intermediary (such as a store) on behalf of the person who actually is required to pay (such as a customer)
The list focuses on the main types of taxes: corporate tax, individual income tax, and sales tax, including VAT and GST and capital gains tax, but does not list wealth tax or inheritance tax. Personal income tax includes all applicable taxes, including all unvested social security contributions.
This is part of the list of United Kingdom locations: a gazetteer of place names in the United Kingdom showing each place's locality and geographical coordinates. Cro (continued) [ edit ]
The UK government has a list of professional associations approved for tax purposes (this includes some non-UK based associations, which are not included here). [1] There is a separate list of regulators in the United Kingdom for bodies that are regulators rather than professional associations.
Tax avoidance is defined by the UK government as "bending the rules of the tax system to gain a tax advantage that Parliament never intended". [197] Unlike most other countries, most UK tax professionals are accountants rather than lawyers by training. [citation needed] Until 2013, the UK had no general anti-avoidance rule ("GAAR") for ...
In the UK, gains made by companies fall under the scope of corporation tax rather than capital gains tax. In 2017–18, total capital gains tax receipts were £8.3 billion from 265,000 individuals and £0.6 billion from trusts, on total gains of £58.9 billion. [1] The current operation of the capital gains tax system is a recognised issue.